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Solanum lycopersicum

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Solanales Family: Solanaceae Genus: Solanum

‘ohi‘a (Ni‘ihau via St. John), cherry tomato, tomato

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Prostrate annual or perennial herbs, with intraxylary phloem.

Stems: Stems often up to 2 m long, densely villous with simple and glandular hairs, clammy, aromatic.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound. Alternate. Blades ovate to narrowly ovate in outline, up to 30 cm long, 20 cm wide, interstitial leaflets also along the midrib, deeply divided into ca. 7 major lobes 5–15 cm long, 5–10 cm wide. the larger leaflets ovate in outline, terminal leaflet the largest. Apex acute or acuminate. Base oblique, often subcordate. Surfaces abundantly glandular puberulent. Margins entire, undulate, lobed or deeply pinnatifid into 7–9 major lobes that are petiolulate, the lobes entire or lobed, leaflet margins entire or shallowly lobed. Petioles 2–5 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 10–30 in lateral racemose cymes 10–15 cm long, elongating up to 20 cm long in fruit, distant from an axil, pedicels articulate in fruit in the upper ½, bracts absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Calyx yellow, deeply divided, 5-lobed, the lobes linear–lanceolate, ca. 1 cm long. Corolla yellow, deeply divided ca. ½ its length into 5-( 6–9) narrowly lanceolate to attenuate lobes, stellate, strongly reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 5; filaments subsessile, sparsely pubescent on margins; anthers yellow, erect in a bottle-shaped or lanceolate conical structure, 8–10 mm long including the 2–3 mm long sterile apex, introrsely dehiscent by slits, coherent in a conical structure and united by minute marginal hairs. Ovary superior, 2-celled, placentation axile, with an enlarged axile placenta, puberulent; ovules numerous; style 1, erect; stigma nearly at apex of tube, terminal, not exceeding anthers.

Fruit: Berries shiny red; succulent; 2–celled; globose; ca. 1-2 cm in diameter in natualized plants; or up to 10 cm in diameter in cultivars; glabrous or slightly pubescent; pedicel articulation obvious; calyx lobes raised from base of fruit. Seeds numerous; yellow or dull buff–gray; compressed; 1.5–3 mm long; obovate; minutely pittedpilose with ruptured cell walls; naked except at apex; embryo coiled about the endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 12; 24; 33–84; mostly 78

Habitat: Low elevation; disturbed sites.

Elevation Range: 0–300 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (73)

Amatula flava Medik. (1787)
Amatula rubra Medik. (1787)
Lycopersicon cerasiforme Dunal (1816)
Lycopersicon cerasiforme var. cognitum Mazk. (1930)
Lycopersicon cerasiforme var. leptophyllum Dunal (1852)
Lycopersicon cerasiforme var. rotundilobum Mazk. (1930)
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (1768)
Lycopersicon esculentum convar. fruticosum C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum convar. infiniens C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum convar. parvibaccatum C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum f. pyriforme (Alef.) C.H.Müll. (1940)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. amplipinnatum C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. cordiforme C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. densifolium C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. finiens C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. flammatum C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. incarnatum C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. mikadofolium C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. oviforme (Voss) C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. persicoides C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum provar. perspicuum C.O.Lehm. (1954)
Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. galenii (Mill.) Luckwill (1943)
Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. humboldtii (Dunal) Luckwill (1943)
Lycopersicon esculentum subsp. typicum Luckwill (1943)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. bukasovii Mazk. (1930)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme Alef. (1866)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. colombianum Mazk. (1930)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. commune L.H.Bailey (1924)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. cydonicum Alef. (1866)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum
Lycopersicon esculentum var. grandifolium L.H.Bailey (1916)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. humboldtii (Dunal) Alef. (1866)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. leptophyllum (Dunal) D'Arcy (1979)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. luteum Alef. (1866)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. macrocalyx Mazk. (1930)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. myrobalaneum Alef. (1866)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. pruniforme Voss (1894)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. pyriforme Alef. (1866)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. umbertianum Mazk. (1930)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. validum L.H.Bailey (1916)
Lycopersicon esculentum var. vulgare Alef. (1866)
Lycopersicon galenii Mill. (1768)
Lycopersicon humboldtii Dunal (1816)
Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) H.Karst. (1886)
Lycopersicon lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Alef.) M.R.Almeida (2001)
Lycopersicon lycopersicum var. commune (L.H.Bailey) Farw. (1927)
Lycopersicon macrophyllum Guss. (1855)
Lycopersicon philippinarum Dunal (1852)
Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Misapplied)
Lycopersicon pomum-amoris Moench (1794)
Lycopersicon pyriforme Dunal (1813)
Lycopersicon solanum Medik. (1784)
Lycopersicon solanum-lycopersicum Hill (1768)
Lycopersicon spurium Link (1829)
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (1768)
Scubulon humboldtii Raf. (1840)
Solanum humboldtii Willd. (1804)
Solanum luridum Salisb. (1796)
Solanum lycopersicon
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Alef.) D.M.Spooner, G.J.Anderson & R.K.Jansen (1993)
Solanum lycopersicum var. esculentum (Mill.) Voss (1894)
Solanum lycopersicum var. oviforme Voss (1894)
Solanum lycopersicum var. piriforme (Alef.) Voss (1894)
Solanum lycopersicum var. pomiferum (Cav.) B.P.R.Chéron (2023)
Solanum lycopersicum var. ribisiodes Voss (1894)
Solanum plukenetii Dunal (1852)
Solanum pomiferum Cav. (1801)
Solanum pruniforme Voss (1896)
Solanum pseudolycopersicum Jacq. (1770)
Solanum pyriforme Dunal (1852)
Solanum pyriforme var. uniflorum Dunal (1852)
Solanum racemigerum K.Koch (1870)
Solanum spurium Balb. (1813)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Yes

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 185 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1258 (O, Ka?, H? [as Lycopersicon esculentum, reported but no spm. from Ka, H]), 1259 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H [as L. pimpinellifolium]); Wagner et al. 1997:62 (L. esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium misapplied = S. l. var. cerasiforme); Staples & Herbst 2005:535 (KEY), 536 (DESCR); Peralta et al. 2008:133 (Syn. S. l. var. cerasiforme = S. lycopersicum, DESCR, KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Solanum lycopersicum - UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria Vladimir J. Krajina V177919 Oahu HAPI 1/28/1962
2 Solanum lycopersicum Diamond Head crater Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1457 Oahu BISH 1931-01-22
3 Solanum lycopersicum side hill in gully Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 172 Oahu BISH 1931-01-24
4 Solanum lycopersicum South Kona, Kapua Bay and surrounding areas, in the ahupuall of Kapua Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 7712 Hawaii BISH 1977-07-01
5 Solanum lycopersicum Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 362 Lanai BISH 1928-08-01
6 Solanum lycopersicum Kamoku Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 517 Lanai BISH 1916-02-08
7 Solanum lycopersicum Wawamalu Beach, jct. of Kalanianaole Hwy. (Hwy. 72) and Kealahou Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4804 Oahu BISH 1983-06-04
8 Solanum lycopersicum base of Punchbowl Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. Oahu BISH 1895-03-25
9 Solanum lycopersicum Rabbit Island Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
10 Solanum lycopersicum Waimanalo, Manana Island Preserved_Specimen Strandtmann, R.W. Oahu BISH 1979-06-12
11 Solanum lycopersicum Kaali Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
12 Solanum lycopersicum Punaluu, station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
13 Solanum lycopersicum Waimanalo, Manana Island Preserved_Specimen Strandtmann, R.W. Oahu BISH 1979-06-12
14 Solanum lycopersicum Rabbit Island Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1934-08-26
15 Solanum lycopersicum Salt Lake Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-18
16 Solanum lycopersicum Manana island, off Waimanalo, NW side, near top Preserved_Specimen Strandtmann, R.W. Oahu BISH 1979-06-12
17 Solanum lycopersicum Waimanalo, Manana Island Preserved_Specimen Strandtmann, R.W. Oahu BISH 1979-06-12
18 Solanum lycopersicum Punaluu Station Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-12-03
19 Solanum lycopersicum Kau District, Ninole along highway Preserved_Specimen Large herb with yellow flowers, scarlet fruit Herbst, D.R. 5519 Hawaii BISH 1975-10-21
20 Solanum lycopersicum East Maui, Kaa Pt, Kanaha Beach Associated vegetation: Prosopis pallida, Sporobolus virginicus. Preserved_Specimen Erect herb 1/2m ht; fruits orange-red, round, ca. 2cm diam. Starr, F. 206173 Maui BISH 2002-06-17
21 Solanum lycopersicum Mokulea, Waialua back of beach Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 19515 Oahu BISH 1949-01-14
22 Solanum lycopersicum Polihale State Park, west side of Island opening on sand dunes just back of beach Preserved_Specimen aromatic; flowers yellow, fruit green Fosberg, F.R. 53662 Kauai BISH 1971-04-04
23 Solanum lycopersicum 0.5 mile to W of Laie on road rocky, clay Preserved_Specimen downy herb, leaves are narrower, flower cluster larger Utai, M. 8 Oahu BISH 1975-02-01
24 Solanum lycopersicum Laie, BYUH sewage plant loam; along roadsides and waste places Preserved_Specimen spreading, hairy, weak-stemmed annual or perennial herb. Plant 1.5 -2.5 ft. high. Flowers in a short raceme of 4-6; sepals 5; petals 5; small, bright red spherical fruits Tiu, C. 32 Oahu BISH 1975-03-03
25 Solanum lycopersicum Barking Sands shade of Prosopis Tree, arid Preserved_Specimen Weak aromatic herb with red fruit, yellow flowers Herbst, D.R. 998 Kauai BISH 1968-03-29
26 Solanum lycopersicum West Maui, 7.5 miles S of Wailuku at Papawai Point rocky roadside Preserved_Specimen flowers yellow; plants to 1.5' tall Henrickson, J.S. 3809 Maui BISH 1969-06-28
27 Solanum lycopersicum Waipio, Kipapa Gulch pineapple field Preserved_Specimen weed Hosaka, E.Y. 904 Oahu BISH 1933-02-26
28 Solanum lycopersicum Barking Sands Growing in shade of Prosopis Tree. Arid. Preserved_Specimen Weak, aromatic herb with red fruit, yellow flowers. Herbst, D.R. 998 Kauai BISH 1968-03-29
29 Solanum lycopersicum Honolulu District, Koko Head, Ihihilauakea Crater edge of Marsilea villosa population Preserved_Specimen Bruegmann, M.M. 155 Oahu BISH 1985-01-26
30 Solanum lycopersicum Laie, BYUH loam Preserved_Specimen spreading, hairy, weak-stemmed annual or perennial herb. Flowers in a short raceme of 4-6, sepals 5, petals 5, small bright-red spherical fruits Lee, P. 26 Oahu BISH 1975-03-17
31 Solanum lycopersicum Laie, near BYU-H loam, silt Preserved_Specimen herb to 3' tall; similar to tomato, smaller leaves and fruits Afualo, D. 113 Oahu BISH 1975-03-25
32 Solanum lycopersicum Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Ahihi Bay at the N end of the reserve. Frequent along the path and main road Pockets of vegetation near the seashore amongst a'a lava about 200 years old. Preserved_Specimen Abbott, I.A. 91.7 Maui BISH 1991-03-05
33 Solanum lycopersicum Waiakapuaa, NE shore of the island forming thick strands that mound over fallen logs and shrubs in a dry Prosopis thicket Preserved_Specimen somewhat scandent herb with yellow flowers and red fruit Herbst, D.R. 4023 Lanai BISH 1974-06-10
34 Solanum lycopersicum Hanapepe Canyon lookout along Hwy. 50, at 2.1 miles NE of Eleele along roadside Preserved_Specimen trailing herb; corolla and stamens yellow, ripe fruit red, edible. Lorence, D.H. 5204 Kauai BISH 1987-05-05
35 Solanum lycopersicum N Diamond Head Crater, outer slope weedy lot Preserved_Specimen Putnam, J. 1 Oahu BISH 1989-02-05
36 Solanum lycopersicum Kaena, mouth of Uluhulu Gulch thicket Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9993 Oahu BISH 1929-11-03
37 Solanum lycopersicum Honolulu Zoo, 151 Kapahulu Ave full sun Preserved_Specimen shrub with stems trailing on ground or supported by shrubbery. Foliage pungent smelling. Flowers lemon yellow Lau, J. 2094 Oahu BISH 1986-03-03
38 Solanum lycopersicum Kawela Bay, Pahipahialua lowland thicket Preserved_Specimen fr. scarlet, 8-16 mm in diam. with delicious flavor St.John, H. 23378 Oahu BISH 1948-08-15
39 Solanum lycopersicum Kaali Cliff, by Kaali Spring Wet soil on ledge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22833 Niihau BISH 1947-08-16
40 Solanum lycopersicum Laie, back of W.D.3 at BYUH sandy, rocky; roadsides and waste places Preserved_Specimen small herbaceous, sromatic, small red fruit, leaves 5-9 pointed Ziegelbauer, K. 22 Oahu BISH 1975-02-06
41 Solanum lycopersicum Windward side of island, Anapuhi to Wainene long coastal boulder-strewn beah with vertical cliff at back 10-30 m from water. Cliff with Artemisia australis, Chenopodium oahuense, Schiedea globosa, Kalanchoe pinnata, Tetramolopium sylvae, Lythrum maritimum, and Hedyotis littoralis among others Preserved_Specimen fruit orange-red; corolla yellow Wagner, W.L. 5751 Molokai BISH 1987-08-01
42 Solanum lycopersicum Barking Sands Growing in shade of Prosopis Tree. Arid. Preserved_Specimen Weak, aromatic herb with red fruit, yellow flowers. Herbst, D.R. 998 Kauai BISH 1968-03-29
43 Solanum lycopersicum Kaali Cliff, by Kaali Spring Wet soil on ledge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22833 Niihau BISH 1947-08-16
44 Solanum lycopersicum Kaena, mouth of Uluhulu Gulch thicket Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9993 Oahu BISH 1929-11-03
45 Solanum lycopersicum Kaumalapau near harbor Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28567 Lanai BISH 1963-07-22
46 Solanum lycopersicum Below water tank near Kapaula Heiau, Polihale roadside shrubbery Preserved_Specimen scandant herb to 50 cm tall. Flowers yellow. Leaves with strong tomato odor Hume, L. 289 Kauai BISH 1988-01-17
47 Solanum lycopersicum Poopoo Islet, small island 100 yards off S coast native shrub: Sida; native herbs: Lipochaeta lavarum, Panicum spp., Heteropogon contortus; exotic grasses Chloris, Cenchrus ciliaris Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 9743 Lanai BISH 1982-04-05
48 Solanum lycopersicum Honolulu Zoo, 151 Kapahulu Ave full sun Preserved_Specimen shrub with stems trailing on ground or supported by shrubbery. Foliage pungent smelling. Flowers lemon yellow Lau, J. 2094 Oahu BISH 1986-03-03
49 Solanum lycopersicum Kunia pineapple field Preserved_Specimen herb with yellow flowers, red fruit, weed Herbst, D.R. 5367 Oahu BISH 1975-06-17
50 Solanum lycopersicum Sunset Beach clay, loam Preserved_Specimen annual herb, 1-2' high, profusely branched; dark green leaves Weber, L. Oahu BISH 1977-03-11
51 Solanum lycopersicum 100 yds S of Kahuku Hospital sandy clay Preserved_Specimen herbaceous; stems with bicollateral bundles, 2-3' high McCulloch, R. 25 Oahu BISH 1975-04-11
52 Solanum lycopersicum Honolulu, Kahana Stream (tributary to Makiki stream). Completely channelized area N. of Wilder Ave Growing from crack in masonary wall. Partly sunny area Preserved_Specimen Certainly not planted Faccenda, K. 1968 Oahu BISH 2021-06-12
53 Solanum lycopersicum Kiei Islet Rare. Preserved_Specimen One small plant with fruit. Starr, F. 6040606 Lanai BISH 2006-04-06
54 Solanum lycopersicum Manana Island Preserved_Specimen flowers yellow, plants to 0.5 m Lamoureux, C.H. 2572 Oahu BISH 1964-02-29
55 Solanum lycopersicum Waianae Mts, Kealia Trail above Dillingham Airfield Preserved_Specimen Corolla yellow; fruits immature, but same size when mature Wagner, W.L. 5316 Oahu BISH 1984-03-02
56 Solanum lycopersicum Luamakika Growing in protection of Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5772 Kahoolawe BISH 1988-02-24
57 Solanum lycopersicum Laie sewage treatment area; clay Preserved_Specimen Kwok, K.T.W. 44 Oahu BISH 1967-04-20
58 Solanum lycopersicum Waikiki, Honolulu vacant lot, dry Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1932-07-20
59 Solanum lycopersicum Kalaupapa; peninsula, base of lighthouse stairs, along rock wall Preserved_Specimen prostrate herb Wysong, M.L. 614 Molokai BISH 2005-02-08
60 Solanum lycopersicum Diamond Head crater Preserved_Specimen shrub Christophersen, E. 1324 Oahu BISH 1930-05-11
61 Solanum lycopersicum Kamaha Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH 1916-02-08
62 Solanum lycopersicum Moku Manu, north islet, Kaneohe Preserved_Specimen fls. yellow, fruits red Fosberg, F.R. 14100 Oahu BISH 1937-06-18
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